This context (Catalog #146, Lot 12, Test Cut G, Strat 12, Level a) consists of artifacts from a blackish brown sandy silt, one of many deposits that were excavated from within a circular feature located in the back yard of Lot 12, adjacent to the Lot 13 boundary wall. Backhoe testing in the backyard of Lot 12 was conducted in an undisturbed section and after the surface soil was removed, excavators found what appeared to be a curving brick wall. Test Cut G was placed to explore this feature further.
Although the soil above the curved brick wall was not disturbed, the top of the brick feature was disturbed. The southern portion of the feature had been removed by the construction of a brick rear wall erected for the 20th century structure that fronted Water Street. Although the top portion of the feature was constructed in brick, after 70 inches below the datum, the remaining part of the feature was constructed of cut stone which had been laid in a mortar, most of which had decayed. The base of the stone wall occurred at 97 inches below datum. Below the walls of the feature, logs and pieces of wood protruded from the south wall of the test cut into the excavated area and beneath the feature wall on the east and west sides. The structure was apparently supported on these logs, possibly to prevent it from settling into the underlying river bottom deposits. Although this feature did not seem to have a typical floor, a number of broken sandstone slabs and bricks were found beneath the slabs and may have been the feature’s floor, disturbed after the period of use.
A series of strata were uncovered within the feature with varying soil profiles and artifact densities. This specific deposit within the feature, encountered at 39 inches below datum and excavated to between 55 and 57 inches, consisted of a blackish brown sandy silt (Stratum 12) and had a lower artifact, building material and faunal density than the overlying soil. The ceramic sherds excavated from this deposit and both the underlying and overlying deposits within the feature area yielded a consistent mean ceramic date of 1795.3, while this deposit specifically yielded at 1791.9 mean ceramic date. However, a total of 9.8% of these sherds were not manufactured before 1795, suggesting the actual date of deposition may have been slightly later than the mean ceramic dates. Due to changes in soil profiles and differences in mean ceramic dates, deposition inside of the feature may have occurred over a period of time rather than a single episode of dumping.
The brick and stone arched feature referenced above was likely a cistern, a fire well or a dry well, and the excavators believed that it was constructed after the new owner, Gulian Verplanck, built a new structure on the lot subsequent to the fire of 1778, most likely in the late 1780s. The ceramic evidence would indicate that the cistern was in use for a period of only 10 to 15 years, since deposition of debris in the unused cistern apparently began in the 1790s. For more information about the deposits associated with Lot 12, please read pages 155 to 191 of the 7 Hanover Square site report.
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Collection method
Excavated this context using shovels and trowels.
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Soil description
Blackish brown sand with ash and cinder
