Introduction: Lots 8, 9, and 15 are modern designations for adjacent parcels of land that were owned together and used as a single property until the early 1830's. Excavations produced important discoveries like that of the Colonial-era Lovelace Tavern, proving that significant archaeological resources could still exist in urban spaces. Project archaeologists were able to lobby for increased time and funds to continue their work on the strength of these finds, leading to additional discoveries. In all, the project provided considerable information about the history of New York City and its inhabitants from the 17th to the 20th centuries.
The tavern was constructed by the second English Governor of New York, Francis Lovelace, around 1670. Taverns were important spaces for colonial communities, serving as centralized meeting places that fulfilled important social, recreational, political, and economic functions. Lovelace Tavern became New York's temporary City Hall starting in the late-17th century after the Stadt Huys fell into disrepair and was demolished in 1706.
Rationale: Remains of the Lovelace Tavern were first encountered during the excavation of Test Cut AQ. Overall, archaeologists excavated 27 test cuts inside, adjacent to, or within the walls of the tavern, representing around fifty-percent of the total area. Test Cut BY was placed along two visible, historic stone walls: Lot 9's 19th-century southern boundary wall and the eastern wall of the 17th-century Lovelace Tavern. Significant archaeological remains of the Tavern were discovered in the test cut, including the burned remnants of its floor. A thin, 1- by 2.5-foot extension was placed south of the southeast corner of the test cut. The extension was not given a different name and is included in the write up for Test Cut BY.
Results: Burned planks of wood from the Lovelace Tavern floor were present in Test Cut BY between 9.5- and 14-inches below excavation surface. The planks were 10- to 11-inches wide and oriented east-west. The floor did not extend all of the way to the eastern wall of the Tavern, perhaps due to decay. The southern extension of the test cut was excavated in this level. No in situ planks were found, only pieces of wood. An abundance of faunal remains and artifacts dating to the 17th- to early-18th-century were recovered from the surrounding soil.
Lot 9, Test Cut BY, Strata XI, Level A
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Collection method
Trowel, Screen (1/2-inch mesh).
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Soil description
Burned Wood
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Munsell
10YR 4/2 - 10YR 4/3
